Natural polyamine that induces autophagy and extends lifespan
Spermidine, a ubiquitous natural polyamine in living organisms, has gained growing attention for its diverse biological functions and translational potential. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on spermidine, including its biosynthesis, production strategies, analytical …
Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress, which leads to pathological vulnerability. Spermidine is a ubiquitous natural polyamine found across all living organisms studied so far and present in multiple food sources. In humans, spermidine …
Brain aging primarily manifests as cognitive decline. Spermidine (SPD) is known to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline, and the gut microbiota is an important source of SPD. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), a probiotic, can alleviate cognitive …
Researchers discovered that common molecules in your body—taurine, spermidine, and ethanolamine—directly neutralize harmful reactive metabolites that damage proteins and drive aging. In fruit flies and mice, this 'carbon stress' defense system extended lifespan and reduced …
This review examines how polyamines (especially spermidine) regulate autophagy—the cell's cleanup system—in skeletal muscle, and how exercise amplifies this process to combat age-related muscle loss. The authors propose that spermine oxidase, an enzyme that produces …
T cell exhaustion represents a critical target for immunotherapy in cancer. Nevertheless, T cells exhibit diminished responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors once they transition to a terminally exhausted state. Here we used an epigenetic drug …
BACKGROUND: Reproductive aging represents a critical physiological bottleneck characterized by a progressive decline in tissue homeostasis and physiological function. While the gut microbiota is known to shift during host aging, the ecological forces governing the …
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by progressive functional decline, driving the incidence of age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Therapeutic strategies targeting aging hallmarks can delay aging and mitigate …
Brain aging is associated mainly with a decline in cognitive function and is a major risk factor for various neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Major hallmarks of aging include oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired …
BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with reduced resilience to physiological stressors such as infection and surgery. This reduced resilience is believed to be underpinned by the hallmarks of ageing, the key biological mechanisms driving the aged …
PURPOSE: Spermidine administration ameliorates hepatic steatosis and cardiometabolic dysfunction in animal models. However, evidence in humans remains limited. We aimed to explore the 1-year longitudinal associations between changes in dietary spermidine intake and changes in …
A 15-year study tracking 146 nutrients in 829 people found spermidine showed the strongest inverse association with mortality risk—equivalent to ~5.7 years of age reduction. The post acknowledges important uncertainty: spermidine may simply be a …
This review synthesizes evidence that polyamines—small molecules that naturally decline with age—regulate multiple aging pathways including oxidative stress, gene expression, and protein synthesis. While animal studies show spermidine supplementation extends lifespan, human evidence remains limited, …